| Walter Max Ulyate Sisulu | |
|---|---|
| Secretary-General of the African National Congress | |
| In office 1949–1954 |
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| Preceded by | James Arthur Calata |
| Succeeded by | Oliver Tambo |
| Deputy President of the African National Congress | |
| In office July, 1991 – 1994 |
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| Preceded by | Nelson Mandela |
| Succeeded by | Thabo Mbeki |
| Personal details | |
| Born | May 18, 1912 Engcobo, Transkei (now Eastern Cape), South Africa |
| Died | May 5, 2003 (aged 90) |
| Political party | African National Congress |
| Spouse(s) | Albertina Sisulu |
Walter Max Ulyate Sisulu (May 18, 1912 – May 5, 2003) was a South African anti-apartheid activist and member of the African National Congress (ANC).
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Sisulu was born in Engcobo in the Union of South Africa. His mother Alice Mase Sisulu was a Xhosa domestic worker and his father, Albert Victor Dickenson, was white. Dickenson worked in the Railway Department of the Cape Colony from 1903 to 1909 and was transferred to the Office of the Chief Magistrate in Umtata in 1910.[1][2] His mother was related to Evelyn Mase, Nelson Mandela's first wife. Dickinson didn't play a part in his son's upbringing, and the boy and his sister, Rosabella, were raised by his mother's family, who were descended from the Thembu clan.[3]
Educated in a local missionary school, he left in 1926 to work. He moved to Johannesburg in 1928 and experienced a wide range of manual jobs.
He married Albertina in 1944, Nelson Mandela was best man at their wedding.[4] The couple had five children, and adopted four more. Sisulu's wife and children were also active in the struggle against apartheid.
He joined the ANC in 1940. In 1943, together with Nelson Mandela and Oliver Tambo, he joined the ANC Youth League, founded by Anton Lembede, of which he was initially the treasurer. He later distanced himself from Lembede after Lembede (died 1947) had ridiculed his parentage (Sisulu was the son of a white foreman). Sisulu was a brilliant political networker and had a prominent planning role in the militant Umkhonto we Sizwe ("Spear of the Nation"). He was made secretary general of the ANC in 1949, displacing the more passive older leadership, and held that post until 1954. He also joined the South African Communist Party.
As a planner of the Defiance Campaign from 1952, he was arrested that year and given a suspended sentence. In 1953, he travelled to Europe, the USSR, Israel, and China as an ANC representative. He was jailed seven times in the next ten years, including five months in 1960, and was held under house arrest in 1962. At the Treason Trial (1956–1961), he was eventually sentenced to six years, but was released on bail pending his appeal. He went underground in 1963, resulting in his wife being the first women arrested under the General Laws Amendment Act of 1963 (or "90-day clause"[5]). He was caught at Rivonia on July 11, along with 16 others. At the conclusion of the Rivonia Trial (1963–1964), he was sentenced to life imprisonment on June 12, 1964. With other senior ANC figures, he served the majority of his sentence on Robben Island.
In October 1989, he was released after 26 years in prison, and in July 1991 was elected ANC deputy president at the ANC's first national conference after its unbanning the year before. He remained in the position until after South Africa's first democratic election in 1994.
In 1992, Walter Sisulu was awarded Isitwalandwe Seaparankoe, the highest honour granted by the ANC, for his contribution to the liberation struggle in South Africa.
The government of India awarded him Padma Vibhushan in 1998. Walter Sisulu was given a "special official funeral" on 17 May 2003. In 2004 he was voted 33rd in the SABC3's Great South Africans.
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